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That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. /Subtype /Image >> Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. 1. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. |4-Iv This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. . Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The states were later increased to 30 states. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. (Tanzi, 1996). By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. 3. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. This is because most of the power (financial and. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". 6 0 obj Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. /F5 18 0 R << (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria >> The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). /Length 3884 Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. << The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. stream Rt. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Your email address will not be published. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. /F1 6 0 R The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. >> The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Your email address will not be published. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . . Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. << Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's >> PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the /Length 14727 Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Pls visit us again dear reader. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. % Federalism in Nigeria. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. 1. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. Email Address. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. American Federalism - 56 American Federalism 2 Listen to Chapter 2 on Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Moreover, w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. /Height 235 Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Historical experience 3.2 2. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. /Type /XObject On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS - Academia.edu Asst. 2. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre.